Shield: Knight's Shield. Fist Weapons are a type of Weapon in Demon's Souls and Demon's Souls Remake. Istarelle run I’m thinking I’d like to start a “holy paladin” type run utilizing Istarelle for most of the run / early game. Step 3: Pure Black World Tendency Events and Pure White Character Tendency. You never have to fight any of the ones in 5-2 so long as you have a Thief's Ring handy. Demon's Souls are materials used to trade for unlocking various upgrades and abilities, spells, as well as for crafting unique equipment. Faith builds = Blessed weapons, DSS+5 and/or Adjudicator's shield +5. Can anyone help me achieve PWWT in the valley of defilement soul level is 106 . I'm a spear guy, the first time I beat the game I used Istarelle. Video guide on how to find Istarelle! This requires Pure White World Tendency. Head through and up the narrow stairs you find inside, then keep going up until you reach a. Recovers 4 HP per second. Rings are accessories that are equipped by the player to obtain various abilities that grant buffs and effects which can help in the. PlayStation 5. Scraping Spear is strictly for breaking gear and doesn't do much damage. 70200 - Istarelle 70300 - Scraping Spear 80000 - War Scythe 80100 - Mirdan Hammer 80200 - Halberd 80300 - Phosphorescent PoleATTENZIONE:dovete essere vestiti da "ufficiali", il vestiario viene droppato dai "ciccioni" che ridono, uccideteli!!Dopo averla trovata, uccidete l'ufficiale. Its holiness increases the wielder's resistance to plague and poison. Demons Souls - How To Obtain IstarelleIf you like my video, please subscribe 🍺🍺🍺In this video I am going to show you the quickest & easiest way to Obtain. I died once in 1-2 after beat the 1-1 boss and I guess it moved the world tendency towards black. All of 5-1 is traversing platforms to descend along both sides of a deep rift, where falling is of course, deadly. Eroded Demon Soul (or Eroded Demon's Soul) is a Demon Soul in Demons Souls and Demons Souls Remake. Phosphorescent Pole - 3-1 Kill Black Phantom Rydell (Black WT) Lava Bow - Bow +7 + Armor Spider Soul. the locations of the colorless souls: 1-1, miralda's area. Slayer of the Demon “Leechmonger”. Top Guide Sections. 14 votes, 16 comments. Bleed, Poison and Plague are bonus damage over a period of 60 seconds. 37K subscribers Subscribe 13K views 2 years ago Video guide on how. It is covered with engravings and is one of the few Revelations. This is true for both the original Demon's Souls (though player invasions are no longer possible there due to a server shutdown) and the Demon's Souls Remake. After Allant allied with the Old One, he was given immense power. a Miracles—you must equip a Talisman. The ones with the best strength stat options areTemple KnightandBarbarian. PWWT tendency is required for the ladder to access this area. El Valle de la Contaminación es el quinto Archstone de Demon's Souls , y los niveles dentro se consideran a menudo algunos de los más difíciles del juego. As one of my favorite games, I hope you all enjoy this mod collection and find it to be a good. This humid valley is a haven for the used and forgotten. The passive is borderline useless, and its damage doesn't even go up when you level it, while the Istarelle's does (and its passive upgrades too, proving that scaling and. Climb it and proceed across many ledges. Witch in the Tower. e. Note that there are two (2) trophies that require online play, making it impossible to achieve the Platinum Trophy without internet connection. bad or good? DarthMahan 13 years ago #1 I was just curious if this weapon is bad compared to the others as I barely see anyone at all mention it on. Demon's Souls has some of the most fun and powerful build options and I implore anyone to try at least a few unique ones out. Istarelle (PWWT 5th World Help) Hey guys, I'm looking to platinum the game and I really need the Istarelle trophy. Join. Canal de Series de videojuegos en español. Magician. Can someone help me get the istarelle spear?? I just started and would really appreciate it. Slayer of the Demon “Storm King”. NecDW4 • 11 yr. Support the Channel ️ to the Channel 💸 Game Help 🏆 ht. Sets of Armor in Demon's Souls are divided into four categories. Nullifies falling damage. Large Flame Scale Demon's Soul. whereas the easy mode hax weapons like NR and bone smasher are easily doing 500+. Demon’s Souls Builds: Holy Paladin (PvE Faith) The Holy Paladin Build uses a combination of Miracles, Spells and extremely efficient Weapons to hit the ground running and never look back. NPCs are the various characters that are encountered by the player throughout their journey. UPDemon's Souls. For weapons, I'm thinking of Meat Cleaver for his primary weapon, and an Istarelle for my secondary. Best Demon’s Souls Weapons for the mid game Lava Bow This bow is an extremely strong mid game weapon, as it has low stat requirements and adds an additional 100 fire damage to every arrow it fires. One especially rare weapon is called Istarelle, and its item description describes it as one of the few remaining relics of God. Demon's Souls » Character Builds » Meat Cleaver Build. The LS of Moonlight is great against single enemies as well as crowds, but has a somewhat limited moveset (shared with the royal swords). Finally, in 5-1 Depraved Chasm a ladder is now available before the first Giant Depraved One past the Rats that will lead to an area with 3 Giant Depraved ones for Istarelle. However, it will also affect the player’s Phantom and Soul forms as well as the world’s enemies and NPCs. Istarelle's damage is on par with the LSoM, i. There are two unique weapons that scale really well with Faith, they are Istarelle (Spear) and Large Sword od Moonlight. This also gives you a trophy. Board Topics. It is guarded by several. and other stuff". Esto se debe a los bajos niveles de luz, los pantanos que infligen. Another way to lose levels is to attack Mephistopheles at the Nexus. xGrimoirex 13 years ago #1. >. If you've been looking for a good Faith or Paladin Build then check out our Holy Paladin Build! 1 post. Master's Ring. And your right, in the right hands spears are a freaking monster. Weapons to look out for (in order) - G. 156. Assuming, I want to get the plat in 2 runs, should I go full black world tendency in the first world, and. Gold Coin. Will changing if above happens. It rapidly depletes HP, making it virtually impossible to survive without some means of curing it, or a large. 0. If the player answers "yes" to their question, They will give the Friend's Ring if they. There are 3 ways to lose levels. Logically corpses falling into the valley makes a lot of sense. These Demon's Souls are obtained by defeating specific Bosses of the game. PSN - animusdx // 3DS FC: 2406 - 5851 - 6149. Likewise how Leechmonger appears to have been Risaia of Istarel (the wielder of Istarelle), and Dirty Colossus was Vito the Moonlight Knight. Demon's Souls is a tremendously difficult undertaking, and any leverage you can find to make the journey a little bit easier will only help you in the long run. 4-1, crow. Allant, driven by a lust for power, became a demon after he made a pact with The Old One. Rings in Demon's Souls and Demon's Souls Remake are accessories that can be equipped to obtain various abilities, buffs or effects. -Black Knight set. This also gives you a trophy. A tip if you plan to use it, do not raise dex to 18 to wield it. For Demon's Souls on the PlayStation 5, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Looking for help with Istarelle. Business, Economics, and Finance. 1 guide. Demon's Souls. Missable. After Killing Patches, the Giant Bearbug (patches trap) in 2-2 will respawn, but now facing the. Demon Souls: Special Events Linked to World Tendency. Faith based fighters, is the Istarelle any good compare to the large moonlight sword? Right now moonlight is a bit lacking for me, with 60ish faith, it is still has not passed the 350 mark. 1. Meat Cleaver Black Phantom is a Black Phantom in Demon's Souls and Demon's Souls Remake. Jeez, why would anyone make a. Each area of the game has its own World Tendency stat, though instead of being represented in discreet numbers, it is shown to the player as a brightening or darkening of the five archstones seen in the World Tendency menu. Armas únicas. This boss is known as the 'False King' because it is not the REAL Allant. Y is Magical Damage. Instead, I'd go with a blessed weapon in the right hand and the Adjudicator's Shield in the left, not for blocking but because once you have used Colorless Demon's Souls to upgrade it to +5, it give you +8 HP/second regen. Boss: Penetrator, kill using Homing Soul Arrow in Hyper Mode, Biorr will tank. You need white world tendency for the ladder to appear in 5-1. . 5. Demon's Souls in Demon's Souls are materials that can be used for Trade, for unlocking various upgrades, abilities, and spells, as well as for crafting unique equipment. Faith builds use Blessed weapons (upgraded via Faintstones, its all in the link I posted, have a look at that first and you'll understand almost all the terminologies associated with builds) so it'd be wise to upgrade your Halberd and Greatsword via Faintstones and there is also a unique spear called the Istarelle (you'll have to work to find. Upgrade Istarelle Upgrade Phosphorescent Pole sometimes these too Tmk 13 years ago #5 Upgrade Baby's Nail It's the only weapon that can inflict plague, and it'll do 1 more damage than even a mercury +5 weapon when fully upgraded with its plague, but it has ATROCIOUS physical damage, so it's basically only useful for inflicting plague. The. As the game progresses, you should look for weapons that scale well. World 5: The ladder to access the Istarelle is in place. Dropped by Black Skeleton. While weapon choice is very important to your build, players can equip up to 4 at once (2 per hand),. 0 coins. You need pure white. The Demon‘s Souls Remake on Playstation 5 is magnificent! A few moments ago I completed my first playthrough. The LSoM is great for PvP, and for large groups of enemies, but the Istarelle is better for narrow areas and for attacking from behind a shield. a save quit would be easier to avoid him with than accidentally hitting him and chancing that PWWT if you haven't gotten Istarelle. ago. 12. Rings can be found at various locations or can be purchased from Merchants. If you are. Silver Demon Soul (or Silver Demon's Soul) is a Demon Soul in Demon's Souls and Demon's Souls Remake. Demon's Souls are materials used to trade for unlocking various upgrades and abilities, spells, as well as for crafting unique equipment. Demon's Souls - How to get Istarelle - Trophy : "One of the Few" Location : Archstone of the Chieftain - "Valley of Defilement" - World 5. Tendency; World Tendency;. Join. . But I noticed that the Valley of Defilement 5-1 is in pure white tendency after I beat the boss (bright glowing light) and so I decided to look up the PWWT events for that first area. Business, Economics, and Finance. This game continues to teach us to not take it lightly! This is part 1 of the Road to my Istarelle PVP Build! Follow me on IG @nesanika¡Hola gente! aquí veremos cómo conseguir el arma secreta Istarelle con la que conseguiremos automáticamente el trofeo "Selecta Minoría". Satsuki is initially found at the very beginning of 4-1. Slayer of the Demon “Maiden Astraea”. There are no attacking Faith spells besides the really slow Wrath of God. He will move out of sight if he takes damage. Pure Strength - Dragon Bone smasher is the OG UGS and very fun to use. Level up strength to 16 first then magic, dex to 20, after 20 magic and 20 dex lvl up vitality and endurance to 20. i personally have yet to get a +5 blessed weapon, so I have naught to say on that. 52K subscribers Subscribe 22K views 2 years ago You must have. Searing Demon Soul (originally Red Hot Demon's Soul) is a Demon Soul in Demon's Souls and Demon's Souls Remake. Most of 5-2 is a poison swamp, where you get poisoned just to say 'thanks for stopping in', and also you cannot roll and can only sprint at low speed although enemies move freely. It is unknown if this is a feature or a bug. Lead Demon Soul (or Lead Demon's Soul) is a Demon Soul in Demon's Souls and Demon's Souls Remake. Black Phantoms are extremely powerful variants of Enemies or Npcs encountered throughout the game. Discage 2 years ago #1. Possibly multiple times. World Tendency can fluctuate. The trophy list for the Demon’s Souls remake on PS5 has been revealed (thanks, PowerPyx). Many thanks but also condolences if this. Tendency can influence whether a door is open, a character is present, or. They are not hostile, but only run away when they notice you, and after running some distance they "burrow"/fade away and disappear. Its holiness increases the wielder's resistance to plague and poison. Istarelle - 5-1 White WT, look for ladder on left right before the first large club guy. Magic/Faith Split - Using both kinds of spells and a special talisman that can cast either. The seal's design is a skull. If you plan on. This Soul increase comes at a cost of giving Sparkly either the Silver Coronet or the Silver Bracelet. I’m a particular fan of dual hands of god or the istarelle for style points even though neither is optimal. . See moreYou will see three Giant Depraved Ones in a cave, Istarelle is right there. Announced as a Playstation 3 exclusive at TGS 2008, the game bought Fromsoftware & Sony Japan studios. 4 Hard: Istarelle. Best way to go through 5-2 is with regeneration (regen ring, adjudicator's shield, and blessed weapon). Not using the Istarelle is cheap. but in multiple NG+, I really don't recommend it. 5-2. Slayer of Trophies. Each world can lean towards one of the two existing tendencies. Hands of God are rare first weapons in Demon's Souls. [RPCS3] Demon's Souls - Item IDs with Cheat Engine . "I'd rather betray the world than let the world betray me. You can also equip regenerating weapons and use support spells. ago. Demon Souls for the win!. For Demon's Souls on the PlayStation 3, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Istarelle. While wearing the Golden Garb, one's magic power is enhanced immensely, but their sanity--and eventually their soul--are drained away. Looking at all the Demon’s Souls trophies, it’s clear that you’ll need to do a lot of boss fights. 3-2: Not mentioned in this linked address, the new ring ( Sodden Ring) added to this game is near the Primeval Demon in the bottom swamp of the level. I believe that combo will ensure you can stay in the swamp for a good minute or more. Return to “Demon's Souls”. This boss is known as the 'False King' because it is not the REAL Allant. Helms protect the player's head by applying various defensive properties, it also changes the appearance as well when it is equipped. Can be bought from Patches, the Hyena in The Nexus for 40000 souls. Tower of Latria Pure White World Tendency Events. To craft the Unique weapons you need to have a specific weapon along with a specific Demon's Soul. Dex/Faith build. I'm a spear guy, the first time I beat the game I used Istarelle. Best/Worst Weapon. It can be found on a secret cliffside in the Valley of Defilement (5-1), accessible via a ladder that only appears if World Tendency is Pure White. To reach it, the player must climb a ladder found outside the building where the Filthy Woman initially appears; however, the ladder only appears in Pure White World Tendency. the Prince faces a challe. Does not affect the flat disease resistance bonus offered by equipped armor, but does stack with Istarelle and Bramd. Blessed Greataxe +5. Valheim Genshin. The only From Software games I’ve played are Dark Souls 3 and Sekiro. None of those weapons need nearly the ammount of dex required for Istarelle. Armor provides the player with protection and different resistance against all types of damage and negative status effects, such as Blunt Damage, Bleed, Plague, and more. Time for bosses. comAre you ready to challenge yourself with one of the toughest and most rewarding games ever made? Check out the trophies for Demon's Souls, the PS3 classic that inspired the Dark Souls series and the PS5 remake. -Forgotten Hero set. sjmd1 • 1 yr. Same goes for the Phosphorescent Pole on Magic builds. grab the crescent falchion and the compound longbow from 4-1 after defeating phalanx. Depraved One is an Enemy in Demon's Souls and Demon's Souls Remake . You need Pure White Valley of Defilement#DemonsSouls #PS5 Demon's Souls PS5Ostrava dies in 1-1, after Phalanx is killed, a bug MIGHT occur in which he will reappear in the Nexus or 1-2 to be rescued. NPCs are the various characters that are encountered by the player throughout their journey. Getting this weapon is anything but easy, as it not only requires. There's one in 5-2, so I wouldn't worry about them too much. Hands of God are rare first weapons in Demon's Souls. Hard Demon Soul (or Hard Demon's Soul) is a Demon Soul in Demon's Souls and Demon's Souls Remake. Best way to go through 5-2 is with regeneration (regen ring, adjudicator's shield, and blessed weapon). This page covers a list of all the Demon's Souls that are acquired in the. A short spear of hard oak. How to unlock One of the few. Demon's Souls has ten playable classes, chosen at the start of the game upon character creation. • 17 days ago. After nearly 500 Hours, I FINALLY… still don’t have the Platinum Trophy 🏆 Take your time. Mephistopheles is easily missable, but you don't miss anything other than 2 colorless demon's souls, but you can get 8 per playthrough without her. These Demons souls are obtained by defeating the various. Demon's Souls. 8. Which do you prefer Remake or Original?Demon's Souls Remake PVP/ SL 29 [ 21 Vitaltiy, 22 strength and 16 dex Knight Class ]: Today we have the Penetrating Swor. Title Author Level Votes Created. 7. Demon’s Souls Remake PVP / Sl 29 24 faith 21 vitality 10 dex and 14 strength Knight Class . Updated: 07 Dec 2020 23:58. A lot of great weapons that scale with Faith tend to be lightweight (Moonlight Sword, Istarelle, Blessed Mirdan Hammer or Mace, ect. Once you arrive at the Valley of Defilement. Is there any way to reduce it? Try out some fan reshades. Swamp of Sorrow. When consumed 5000. See All. Para obtener Istarelle, los jugadores de Demon's Souls deben lograr Pure White World Tendency en Valley of Defilement. Another weapon to consider is the Istarelle. The fact that the first three bosses in Boletaria are the corrupted souls of King Allant's most loyal knights is chilling (Metas, Alfred, and Oolan, as revealed by Ostrava). Usage. Secondary Stat: Vitality, Intelligence. They work best against enemies wearing armor made of metal and hard scales but can easily be parried by enemies and struggle at breaking an enemy's guard. PSN:Spartan_718. 180 Bleed. Unique Demon Soul Weapons. In Game Description. Consider. By Jordan Ramée on November 16. • 23 days ago. Getting. The Epee Rapier is a Rapier in Demon's Souls. Demon's Souls PS5 (GUIDE) | WALKTHROUGH GAMEPLAY - ISTARELLE LOCATION | PlayStation 5 (PS5) |Hi Guy's, Hope you guys enjoyed my gameplay, of Demon's Souls PS. One of the few. This Soul increase comes at a cost of giving Sparkly either the Silver Coronet or the Silver Bracelet. They are found in world 5-1 and 5-2. Grants Souls when consumed. nelsonicrage • 1 yr. com. Enemies have their own behavior and unique attacks, killing enemies provide various drops that reward players with items and souls. RELATED: Demon's Souls - How To Get Istarelle. ". This cliff just happens to overlook the Leechmonger boss chamber. Enhances knives, curved swords, spears, and so on. According to the Demon's Souls Wiki, even if I hadn't talked to her, Black Phantom Garl should have been showing up, at least. You have limited inventory space called item burden, it is a maximum amount of weight that can be carried in the inventory. These demon's souls are obtained by defeating the various. Royalty. lol. Hunter. Engage with the PvP. Slayer of Demons: Anonymous 150 0 Nov 16 '23 Magezera: Arizera 143 0 Nov 16 '23 Max-Regen Build: Anonymous 96. . View. Primary Stat: Faith, Endurance. To access the gesture menu hold down X for a couple of seconds. DEMON’S SOULS. . 550 Souls. The reason you want to hunt them down is they always drop a nice selection of weapon upgrade stones (the specific type varies with. k. sohardtomkename • 1 yr. Boards. Questions. bladestone blessed clearstone cloudstone colorless crescent crushing dark darkmoonstone dragon dragonstone faintstone fatal greystone hardstone meltstone mercury mercurystone moon moonlightstone pulpstone quality sharp sharpstone spiderstone sticky suckerstone tearing upgrade. *When two handing this weapon, only 10 Strength is required. under a wood beam next to you at your left, you can loot x4 Noble's Lotus. Recuerda que en este. x2 Stone of Ephemeral Eyes. I'm here at Ed, I have a Colorless Demon Soul, I have my Istarelle and when I hit upgrade equipment it just doesn't show up. r/demonssouls. Large Swords are usually held with both hands and are capable of inflicting a huge amount of damage towards hostile characters but are slow, making the player vulnerable to fast enemy attacks. Obtain Istarelle. Want to Support the Stream/Channel? Check below:Paypal Donations:. Weight. Demon's Souls are materials used to trade for unlocking various upgrades and abilities, spells, as well as for crafting unique equipment. Obtain the Northern Regalia. . Menu. Here is the full list of all 37 Demon's Souls trophies - there are 22 bronze, 9 silver, 5 gold and 1 platinum. That means the canon builds for the chosen undead/bear who sought sought lest are: Curved Sword + Pyromancy w/ Dark Wood Grain ring and bare fist for parrying. It's impossible to interact with him at this point, although it is possible to hit him with ranged attacks. And Winged Spears are better than regular ones. A short spear of hard oak. Increases Sweet Spot damage by 15%, decreases damage for all other attacks. 4. The options below are what I consider some of the best options for Faith builds. This page covers a list of all the Fist Weapons in Demon's Souls. Demon's Souls. When the remake releases in about a month, what kind of build will you be making? Mine will definitely be a Blueblood sword…The main repository of Plague in Demon's Souls, this thing is always handy to have. They can be found at the bottom of the mineshaft in 2-2, by taking the left path past the rock worms. DuneMan 13 years ago #9. the spear istarelle. Black Phantoms are extremely powerful variants of Enemies or Npcs encountered throughout the game. For Demon's Souls on the PlayStation 5, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Can I get the Istarelle on Pure White if Astraea still lives?". 🩸 number x 1 minute. This demon's souls are obtained by defeating the various bosses of the game. branchingfactor. Amazon. . The demon's souls wikidot has quite a bit of information. Additional Spells and Miracles can be learned by purchasing them from Sage Freke and Saint Urbain, respectively. The world tendency icon is almost glowing white, so I don't think this will take long. Here is how to tell you have PWWT, in accordance to each world: World 1: The gate to Miralda's area will be open. The first way is by killing Golden Skeletons, but it isn't guaranteed that they will drop the weapon. Sage's Trophy. so it seemed almost like a dedicated build would be needed to use it. 330 Favorites. Insanity Catalyst - Wooden Catalyst + Yellow Demon Soul. Demon's Souls refer to the souls of named bosses that you receive when they are defeated. Demon's Souls are materials used to trade for unlocking various upgrades and abilities, spells, as well as for crafting unique equipment. Availability. 13 Dexterity. Controls; Game Concepts; Char. r/demonssouls. I read online that you can raise you white tendency by being summoned & killing bosses, but I've been summoned into Depraved Chasm & helped kill the boss about 3 times but. Grants Souls when consumed. . Not replacers) -Drake Knight Set. 1 Start from Swamp. World Tendency is a gameplay mechanic in Demon's Souls. From there, you should focus on leveling up Strength, Vitality, and Endurance stats. ago. If you're making a faith build, blessed weapons give a very nice health regen (Faintstones from the Valley of Defilement). 3. 139K subscribers in the demonssouls community. Miracles focus on defensive and healing spells which include a variety of utility and augmentation magic as well as a range of offensive magic. . All Rings in Demon's Souls. Demon’s Souls features Magic and Prayer type attacks, which can be very useful. Level Range To Clear. Those are the "best". Ally's Ring (or Friend's Ring) is a Ring in Demon's Souls and Demon's Souls Remake . Posted by u/The_Arrow_Student - 2 votes and 5 commentsI’m currently playing through using a magic build and am already thinking about starting over with alternate builds. Here are our picks and tips for the 4 best builds in Demon's Souls. ago. Istarelle Demon's Souls » Weapons » Spears / Poles » Istarelle In Game Description A short spear of hard oak. Demon's Souls. One of hardest builds is if you want to use the Blueblood Sword. Its terrible for PvP but good for PvE since you can hide behind a shield and poke, and it does pretty good magic damage with high faith. 0. NPCs are the various characters that are encountered by the player throughout their journey. 4-1/4-2: Give Magic Sword "Makoto" to Satsuki in 3-1, picked up in Patches' pit in 3-2. . 3 Easy: Kilij. Continue through the map until you reach the rats at the bottom of a ramp. Dull Gold Set. You won't do nearly as much damage as anyone else, but you'll be much more unique and cool than them. Prison of Hope (3-1): In Pure White World Tendency the large pile of rubble that once blocked the end of the path on floor 2F West (across from. Unique Weapons. . As a faith build, I'm cautious about putting points into stats other than end/vit/faith, however the istarelle seems like a good weapon. Obtain Istarelle. first thing i would. Black Phantoms are extremely powerful variants of Enemies or Npcs encountered throughout the game. Understanding the concepts of Character and World Tendency is vital to playing Demon's Souls and, particularly, to obtaining all of its trophies. 72K subscribers Join Subscribe 5 197 views 2 years ago #walkthrough #gameguide. The majority of them are easy, the only extremely difficult fight in the game was maneater. . Satsuki is a character in Demon's Souls. Demons are created by corrupting the soul of a man, placing a demon's soul within a construct, or actualizing a human's vision of divinity. Demon's Souls Istarelle. you have two activate script every time you change worlds or die but anything you ware or level up. Is the Run back to all bosses long and difficult? 2 posts, 10/27 4:36AM. World Tendency is one of two spiritual standings in Demon's Souls, the other one being Character Tendency.